Sunday, May 28, 2017

London in the Early Morning




  Mary fell in love with London in the early morning. She had always enjoy walking and her shawl kept out the chill. The city spread around her like a magic carpet of discoveries. She pitied Annie, still fast asleep, willfully missing it all.

  Covent Garden itself was another world - a hive of activity, full of noise and bustle just as busy as if it was the middle of the day. Carts rolled in from every street, full of fresh flowers, fruits and vegetables. They were offloaded by colourful costermongers with a series of shouts and arguments. Mary marveled at the pointed yellow boots and silk neckerchiefs of the men, the gaudy shawls and the bright feathers of the women. Here they had a fashion of their own and were proud of it.

  Horses snorted into the cold morning air, which was alive with the smell of animals and dung, pollen and herbs, coffee and stale beer on the breath of the workers. Every now and then the carters would stop to catcall or whistle as an extravagantly dressed woman passed by, with a wasp-tight waist and painted face, sometimes on the arm of a drunken-looking gentlemen. Not only fruits and vegetables were sold here, Mary reflected, with a sudden jolt of understanding. She found herself just standing and staring for minutes on end, watching it all as if it were a play. Only the sound of an Irish accent at a nearby stall jolted her into activity, reminding her of Annie and what would happen if she didn't get home soon.

Following Ophelia, P100-101
Sophia Bennett
ISBN 978-1-84715-810-9




Sunday, May 21, 2017

Life




  She was terrified - of the city, the new life, the new work and all those strangers. But fear was part of what made Mary cling to life so tightly. And life was ice-cold today, and bitter, and strong as the iron rail. It was sharp on her tongue and stinging in her eyes. It made the blood throb in her veins.

Following Ophelia, P13
Sophia Bennett
ISBN 978-1-84715-810-9




Saturday, May 20, 2017

Star-sailor and Space-sailor



An astronaut is a "star-sailor". "Astronaut" comes from the Greek words "astron" meaning "star" and "nautes" meaning "sailor". The Americans invented the name. The Russians had "cosmonauts", not "astronauts". "Kosmos" is ancient Greek for the universe or outer space. So a cosmonaut is a "space-sailor".

One dreams of the stars and the other of the space, but in the end they do exactly the same thing.

What Dog Knows, P116
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




"Maria" for Seas



Does the moon have a face? It looks as if it does. There are dark patches on the moon called "maria". "Mare" is Latin for sea, "maria" for seas. But there's no water on the moon. And so there are no real seas either. The "maria" are flat areas formed by old volcanic eruptions. The lunar surface also has many craters where it has hit by space debris.

Have you ever seen "shooting stars"? They're really meteors: fiery fragments of space debris. Most debris from outer space burns up as soon as it enters Earth's atmosphere, the layer of air around the planet.

Sometimes a meteor is so big tat it hits Earth before it has time to burn up. Then the meteor is called a meteorite. A large meteorite can create an enormous crater on Earth. That happened once 65 million years ago before people lived on Earth, in the time of dinosaurs. The impact created a series of natural catastrophes. These days, most scientists think that the dinosaurs - and a lot of other animals and plants - were wiped out by that meteorite.

Around the moon there is no atmosphere as there is on Earth. That's why even the smallest piece of space debris can hit the moon without burning up.

Long ago, meteorites damaged the moon's surface and lava flowed out from inside the moon. That explains how a "mare" is a sea, not of water, but of cooled volcanic rock.

Nothing grows on the moon. The lunar landscape is bare and barren.

What Dog Knows, P110-111
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Sunday, May 14, 2017

Chinese Dragon and European Dragon



Look around in a Chinese restaurant. You'll see dragons everywhere. They bring light and good luck. A Chinese dragon has magical pearl in its beard, which the dragon protects. The dragon also protects people from harm.

European dragons are ugly and dangerous. Whoever slays a dragon is a hero.

What Dog Knows, P92
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Terrible Lizards



Some people used to think that the fossilized bones of dinosaurs really belonged to giants. In China these fossils were thought to be the bones of dragons. People believed the bones had the power to heal.

Not until the 19th century did scientist realize that the giant bones belonged to extinct reptiles. In 1842 these giant reptiles were all named "dinosaurs", which means "terrible lizards".

What Dog Knows, P80
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Saturday, May 13, 2017

The Crow's Nest



Seafarers need to be able to see a long distance. Otherwise they won't spot an approaching ship until too late. Or they'll accidentally sail past an island.

The higher you are, the further you can see. The highest place on a ship is the top of the mast so the crow's nest goes there. It's not actually the nest of a crow. It's a lookout spot.

In piratical times the crow's nest was called a "basket", which it actually was - the sort of large, deep basket roving traders or peddlers carried on their back. The name "crow's nest" came much later when there were no longer as many sailing ships. They had been replaced by steam ships, and the pirates's "basket" was now a steel platform with a rail. From a distance it looked like a nest of branches. The platform hung just below the funnel so the lookout got soot on his his nice clothes. If he wore black instead, the soot didn't show. But now he looked like a crow, which, of course, is also black.

What Dog Knows, P67
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Pirates and the Buried Treasures



Pirates are sea robbers, bandits with boats. They raid other ships and steal the cargo. Or sometimes the whole ship.

Pirating is old, as old as seafaring itself. But its heyday began in the 16th century. Ships laden with goods sailed between Europe, Africa, and America. Pirates hid away in caves and on deserted islands to wait for a ship to come by. The they sent their own ship after it. They sold the stolen goods, or kept them for their own use.

And what about the treasure? There probably wasn't any buried treasure. Or hardly any. Those stories came later. The famous book Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson wasn't written until 1883. Long John Silver, one of the main characters, was a one-legged pirate with a parrot on his shoulder. Since then, we imagine pirates looking like him. And buried treasure goes with it.

What Dog Knows, P64-65
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Sunday, May 7, 2017

Being Knighted



It takes a long time to become a knight. You start when you're about seven. Then you become a page. You no longer live with your parents but instead with another noble family in a castle. You help the knights and wait on the ladies. And you have time to learn many things. Reading and writing are not usually among them. What do you learn? Good manners. And you have riding lessons. That sounds like fun.

You can't become a squire until you turn fourteen. Every squire serves his own knight. He learns archery, wrestling, lance-throwing, sword-fighting, and much more. Sometimes a squire takes part in a war or a pitched battle. But usually he does all the boring jobs, just like a robot. So wolf is right about that.

Are you twenty one? And have you passed all your tests? Then the big day is almost here. First there's a long night to endure when you mustn't sleep or talk. You pray all night long. You won't be knighted until the next morning. Then you receive your own sword ... and your own squire!

Being knighted doesn't hurt. The squire kneels before his lord and bow his head. The lord give him a tap on the shoulder - with his sword. But it's a gentle tap. And the lord doesn't use the sharp edge of the sword, otherwise knighthood could be fatal!

What Dog Knows, P56-57
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Everyone Wanted to Become A Knight



Knights lived in the Middle Ages, around one thousands years ago. A knight fought in the service of a lord. His job was to fight. A knight was more than a soldier. He was a warrior on horseback. His charger, or war-horse, was strong and courageous. And very expensive. But that didn't matter because a knight was well rewarded for fighting.

If the lord won a battle he gave his knights money and horses. Sometimes a knight even received land and a house. Or a wife! That way the knight became wealthy, too.

In fact, after a while everyone wanted to become a knight. Poets composed wonderful stories about knights. They made up adventures and wrote them down. Have you heard of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table? They probably never existed. But knights of the Middle Ages wanted to be like them.

A knight had to always behave well. It was called being "chivalrous". A real knight was pious, which meant he tried to live a good Christian life. Courage, strength, and loyalty were very important. A knight was not allowed to lie or steal or cheat anyone. He shared what he had and protected the weak.

You couldn't simply become a knight. You started off a page and then became a squire, which is a knight's assistant. Every knight had one. A squire looked after the charger and groomed it. He polished the weapons, helmet, and chain mail, and carried the shield. He did everything the knight asked.

What Dog Knows, P54-57
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Forced to Work



The word "robot" comes from "robota", which is Czech for "forced to work". Robots make our life easier by doing difficult or heavy jobs. A robot's work is very precise.

What Dog Knows, P46
Sylvia Vanden Heede, illustrated by Marije Tolman
ISBN 978-1-776570-37-9




Saturday, May 6, 2017

那年春天特别温暖



他们在同一家医院诞生,那年春天特别温暖,杜鹃花提早绽放。

他开始避着她。
他害怕再见面时,会窘困地说不出话来。

他们在同一个公园玩耍,牵着气球,骑着小马,绕着花园奔跑。
……


≪忽远忽近≫
几米 作品
ISBN 978-986-213-752-9